Study Guide for Spielvogel. 

Don't try to memorize every name, date, and event.  Rather, try to understand the main points that the author makes about each topic.  At the beginning of every chapter and at various places within each chapter, he asks questions.  Make sure that you can answer each question. At the start and at the end of each chapter he gives an overview of what he is discussing,  To make his general points, he has to mention names and dates.  In general, for this course you will not need to remember exact datess.  However, you should be able to place every important person or event in the correct country or part of Europe and in the correct time period.  Thus, for example, you won't need to recall that Martin Luther lived in Saxony from 1483 to 1546.  But you should remember that he lived in the first half of the sixteenth century in one of the states in the northern half of the Holy Roman Empire.

Below is a chapter-by-chapter list of persons, events, terms, or developments that you should be able to identify.

Pp. 337-8, 348-49, 355-62, 365-69
How did the Renaissance differ from the Middle Ages?
How did Machiavelli's The Prince reflect ideas of the Renaissance?
What were the chief characteristics of Renaissance art, and how did it differ in Italy and northern Europe?
Who were Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael, and what kinds of things are they famous for?
What was the Holy Roman Empire? Who were the Habsburgs?
What did the Ottoman Turks do to the Byzantine Empire in 1453?
What does Spielvogel say about the Renaissance Popes and the problems of the Church of Rome?
Who were Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, and what were some of their achievements?

Pp. 373-95
What were Martin Luther's main criticisms of the Church of Rome?  What were his new theological ideas?
What things did Luther himself do to help ensure the success of his movement?
What general social, political, and economic factors in Europe also helped in the spread of Lutheranism?
What social impact did the Protestant Reformation have in Europe?
Why did Henry VIII break from Rome?
Who was John Calvin and how was his church the same or different from Luther's?
Identify the following: Erasmus, Thomas More, Charles V, Ulrich Zwingli, Anabaptists,

Pp. 395-409
What were the political and religious policies of Elizabeth I of England?
Identify Ignatius Loyola and the Society of Jesus,  Council of Trent, French Wars of Religion, Philip II of Spain.

Pp. Europe and the World 410-42

Be able to answer all the questions posed on p. 410.
What role did the Ottoman Turks play in spurring Europeans to explore the oceans?
What impression do you get about how the Portuguese treated the native peoples in Africa and Asia?
Who or what was each of the following: Christopher Columbus, Hernán Cortés, Francisco Pizarro, Bartolomé de Las Casas, triangular trade, middle passage, mercantilism?
What were the major regions of the world where each of the following conquered territories and peoples: Portugal, Spain, England, France, United Provinces (ie, Dutch)?
What request did Louis XIV make of the King of Tonkin, and what was the response?
How does Spielvogel characterize Jesuit missionaries in South America?
What were some of the major products going from the New World to Europe, and from Europe to the New World?

Pp. 443-52, 475-81
Answer the questions on p. 443
Note the discussion of witchcraft, which complements what we have already read and heard in class.
Know the Thirty Years War.  You don't need to remember the names of most of the kings and emperors who are mentioned.  But you should be able to identify Wallenstein, Gustavus Adolphus, and Cardinal Richelieu.  What were the major causes of the war?  What were its four phases?  What were the major results?
In addition to his importance in the Thirty Years War, how was Cardinal Richelieu important in the government of France?
What was the Fronde?
What were Mannerism and the Baroque? Identify El Greco, Bernini, Rubens, Rembrandt.   How did their art fit in with political and other events happening in that time period?

Pp. 467-74
In what ways was the 17th century the Golden Age for the Dutch?
What factors led to the English Civil War in the 1640s?  Who was Oliver Cromwell?  What was the Glorious Revolution?  What kind of power did the monarch have after 1688?

Pp.  483-508
Answer the questions on p. 483.  Be able to identify each of the persons mentioned in those questions.
How did the Scientific Revolution fit in with the Age of Crisis?  See the box on the right side of p. 483.
How did magic figure in to the Scientific Revolution?
Who was Ptolemy, and how did he arrange the universe?
In what ways did the Scientific Revolution appear to contradict the Bible?
Did  the Scientific Revolution contribute to a higher view of women in the eyes of men?  See pp. 498-99.
What were some of the main ideas of Blaise Pascal?

Pp. 452-67
In his advice to his son, does Louis XIV seem to be a cruel tyrant or a hardworking monarch concerned about providing for the needs of his country?
How was the Palace of Versailles important for divine right absolute kingship?  What was life like there, and why did Louis XIV make it that way?
What were some reasons for the decline of Spain in the 17th century?
In what ways was Peter the Great important in Russian history?

Pp. 538-54
Answer the questions on p. 538.
Identify and explain each of the following:
        Enlightened Absolutism
        Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
        Frederick II of Prussia
        Maria Theresa and Joseph II of Austria
        Catherine the Great of Russia
        Poland--what happened to it in the late 18th century
        Seven Years War

Pp.  509-37.
Answer the questions on p. 509.
What does Spielvogel say about, skepticism and Pierre Bayle? 511.
Who were the philosophes, and what were their main ideas? 512-13.
Identify each of the following:
        Montesquieu
        Voltaire
        Diderot
        Adam Smith
        Rousseau
        Edward Gibbon
        John Wesley
What does Spielvogel say about women in the Enlightenment?

 PP. 554-69
What factors led to population growth in the 18th century?  What does Spielvogel say about marriage customs? 554-56       
What factors led to increased agricultural production? 557-58
The old, traditional social order still predominated--though changes were occurring.  What were the main social categories to which people belonged, and how did lifestyles differ from one category to another?

Pp. 571-93
Answer the questions on p. 571.
How did the American Revolution affect Europe, especially France?
What were the three estates in France?
What was the Estates General?  Why was it convened in May 1789?
What was the Bastille, and why was its fall significant?
What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen?
What factors led the Revolution to become more radical starting in the summer of 1792?
Identify the Reign of Terror and Robespierre.
Identify the Thermidorian Reaction and the Directory.

Pp. 593-603
What kind of youth and early career did Napoleon Bonaparte have?
What were some of Napoleon's main domestic policies, especially regarding the church and the law?
What were the main reasons for the wars between France and much of the rest of Europe?