Inquiry in the Natural WorldInquiry in the Natural World

Student Topic Guide, Topic 3 Spring 2005

 

Topic 3 objectives

1.   Understand how Galileo’s telescopic discoveries undermined the Aristotelian worldview and provided evidence for the Copernican system.

 

2.   Know the circumstances that led to Galileo's trial and the results of the trial.

 

3.   Understand Newton’s three laws of motion.

 

4.   Understand how Aristotle’s commonplace explanation of force and motion differs from our modern understanding.

 

5.   Understand how Galileo used a combination of experiment and deduction to arrive at his law of falling bodies and an idea of inertia.

 

 

Reading for Friday

Chapters 8 pp.80, 86-96.

See back page for the Astronomer's Drinking Song

Questions for discussion

1.  How did Galileo's telescopic observations undermine the Aristotelian world?

2.  Use the Astronomer's Drinking Song to discuss whether science influenced other areas of knowledge.

 

Reading for Monday

Chapters 7 pp. 72-79.

Questions for discussion

1.  Be able to state Newton's laws of motion in your own words. (pp 72-74)

2.  Can you think of any real world examples that might demonstrate Newton's Laws?

 

Reading for Wednesday (Murphy Aud)

Chapters 8 pp. 80-86

 

Reading for Friday

Chapters 8 pp. 80-86

Questions for discussion

1.  You are on a trans-Atlantic flight and flip a coin in the air from you hand, while sitting in your seat.  How might Galileo explain the motion of the coin?  How might Aristotle have explained it?


Authorship Unknown

From "The Astronomer's Drinking Song" in Augustus De Morgan's Budget of Paradoxes (1866)
Whoe' er would search the starry sky,
     Its secrets to divine, sir,
Should take his glass-l mean, should try
     A glass or two of wine, sir!
True virtue lies in golden mean,
     And man must wet his clay, sir;
Join these two maxims, and 'tis seen
     He should drink his bottle a day, sir!
                                            .
When Ptolemy, now long ago,
     Believed the earth stood still, sir,
He never would have blundered so,
      Had he but drunk his fill, sir:
 He'd then have felt it circulate,
      And would have learnt to say, sir,
 The true way to investigate
      Is to drink your bottle a day, sir!
      

Copernicus, that learned wight,
          The glory of his nation,
      With draughts of wine refreshed his sight,
          And saw the earth's rotation;
      Each planet then its orb described,
          The moon got under way, sir;
     These truths from nature he imbibed
           For he drank his bottle a day, sirl

 

The noble Tycho placed the stars,
     Each in its due location;
He lost his nose by spite of Mars,
     But that was no privation:
Had he but lost his mouth, I grant
    He would have felt dismay, sir, Bless you! he knew what he should want
    To drink his bottle a day, sir!

Cold water makes no lucky hits;
   
, On mysteries the head runs:

Small drink let Kepler time his wits
     On the regular polyhedrons:
He took to wine, and it changed the chime, His genius swept away, sir,
Through area varying as the time
     At the rate of a bottle a day, sir!

 

Poor Galileo, forced to rat
     Before the Inquisition,
E pur si muove was the pat
     He gave them in addition:
He meant, whate'er you think you prove, The earth must go its way, sirs;
Spite of your teeth I'll make it move,
     For I'll drink my bottle a day, sirs!