Psychology 101 Study Guide

Chapt. 10 - Matlin

Dr. David L. Carpenter

Rev. 1/00

Click to go to Carpenter's home page, the Section 03 syllabus, Section 04 syllbus

I.  Development and Theoretical Issues
       A.  Nature-Nurture
       B.  Continuity-Stages
       C.  Stability-Change

       D.  Methodology

               1.  Longitudinal Method

               2.  Cross-sectional Method

II. Physical and Perceptual Development
       A.  Prenatal Development
              1.  Conception
              2.  Fetal Period
       B.  Hazards of Prenatal Development
              1.  Teratogens
              2.  Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
              3.  Smoking
              4.  Drugs
              5.  Diseases
       C.  Perceptual Development
              1.  Vision
                   a)  Fantz - acuity
                   b)  human faces
                   c)  Gibson & Walk
              2.  Hearing - phonemes
              3.  Other Perceptual Skills 
                    a)  touch
                    b)  pain
                    c)  smell
                    d)  taste

III. Cognitive Development
      A.  Memory
              1.  Infancy - operant conditioning
              2.  Childhood
                   a)  Recognition memory
                   b)  Working
                   c)  Eyewitness testimony
                   d)  Long-term - metamemory
      B.  Thinking: Jean Piaget's Approach and his Critics
              1.  Concepts
                   a)  Meaning-Making:
                   b)  Assimilation
                   c)  Accommodation
              2.  Sensorimotor Period
                   a)  Object permanence
              3.  Preoperational Period
                   a)  egocentrism
              4.  Concrete Operational Period
                   a)  Conservation
              5.  Formal Operational Period
                   a)  hypothetico-deductive reasoning
              6.  Evaluation of Piaget's Theory
                   a)  new concepts
                   b)  individual differences
                   c)  capabilities
                   d)  habituation
                   e)  symbolic thought
                   f)  order of mastery
     C.  Language Development
              1.  Early Language Production
              2.  Grammar
                   a)  Syntax
                   b)  Telegraphic speech
              3.  Pragmatics
                   a)  Learn socially acceptable statements
                   b)  Courtesy markers
                   c)  conversational turn taking
                   d)  Adapting speech to listener
              4.  Theories of Language Acquisition
                   a)  Learning - behaviorists
                   b)  Innate skill - Chomsky
                   c)  Language as tool of cognition
                   d)  Adults provide child-directed speech

IV. Gender-Role Development
     A. In Depth: Children's Concepts of Gender
             1.  Distinguishing Gender
             2.  Personality Characteristics
             3.  Concepts of the other gender
                   a) Gender segregaton
                   b) ingroup favoritism
     B.  Theories of Gender Development
             1.  Social-Learning Theory
             2.  Bem's Gender-Schema Theory - preferred explanation
                   a)  Learn gender-typing
                   b)  Also accept role as male or female
                   c)  Bigler's study

V.  Personality and Social Development - socialization
     A.  Jerome Kagan - Temperament
             1.  Ethnic differences
             2.  Inhibited children
             3.  Uninhibited children
     B.  Self-Concept
             1.  Erikson's Psychodynamic Theory
                   a)  Trust vs. Mistrust
                   b)  Autonomy vs. doubt
                   c)  Initiative vs. guilt
                   d)  Competence vs. inferiority
     C.  Social Relationships
             1.  Early attachment to parents - Ainsworth
                   a)  Attachment
                   b)  secure attachment
                   c)  Anxious resistant attachment
                   d)  Anxious avoidant attachment
             2.  Parenting Styles - Baumrind
                   a)  Authoritative Parents
                   b)  Authoritarian Parents
                   c)  Permissive Parents
             3.  Interactions with Siblings
                   a)  Nonshared environmental experiences
                   b)  Sibling deidentification
             4.  Interactions with Friends
      D.  Prosocial Behavior
             1.  Development of Prosocial Behavior - altruism
             2.  Factors Related to Prosocial Behavior
      E.  The Day-Care Dilemma
             1.  Cognitive Development
             2.  Attachment
             3.  Social Development
             4.  The Quality Issue
      F.  Minority-Group Children - ethnicity
             1.  Cross-cultural psychology
             2.  Blacks MAY stress emotions, social interdependencies, and high levels of stimulation more
                         than whites
                    a).  Children aware of differing racial physical characteristics by 3years
             3.  Hispanics, Chicanos
             4.  Asians
             5.  Native Americans
             6.  Biases - TV distorts
      G.  The Status of Children in Today's Society
             1.  Infant mortality
             2.  Health Risks
             3.  Poverty
             4.  Violence
             5.  Divorce
             6.  The "Hurried Child" - Elkind

Click to go to Carpenter's home page, the Section 03 syllabus, Section 04 syllbus

since 8/27/02