Psychology 101 - Study Notes

Chapt. 9 - Matlin

LANGUAGE & CONVERSATION

Dr. David L. Carpenter

Rev. 3/04

I.                    Understanding Language - Ruled governed & Creative

A.                  Speech Perception

1.                  Bottom-up and Top-down Processing

a)                  Phoneme

b)                   Phoneme Restoration

2.                  Word Boundaries

B.                  Understanding and Meaning

1.                  Morphemes

2.                  Conceptual Meaning

a)                  network model

b)                   Spreading Activation

c)                   Prototype

d)                  Prototype Approach

e)                  Graded Structure

3.                  Surface Structure and Deep Structure - Noam Chompsky

C.                 Reading

1.                  Word Recognition - dual-route hypothesis

2.                  Discovering the Meaning of an Unknown Word Using Context cues - constructionist view.

3.                  Metacomprehension - Our thoughts about reading comprehension.

4.         Neurolinguistecs

a)         aphaisa

b)         Broca's aphasia

c)         Wernicke's aphasia

II.                 Producing Language

A.                  The Task

B.                  Speech Planning

1.                  The Linearization Problem

2.                  Speech Errors -   Slips of the Tongue

a)                Sound errors

b)                Morpheme errors

c)                Word errors

C.                 Nonverbal Communication

1.                  Paralanguage

2.                  Gestures hand movements

a)                  emblem

b)                  illustrator

D.                  The Chimp-Language Controversy

E.             Social Aspects of Language - pragmatics

1.                  Listeners' Background Knowledge - schema

2.                  Conversational Interactions

3.                  Politeness

III.               Language and Thinking

A.             Gender Comparisons in Language and Communication

1.                  Verbal Communication

2.                  Nonverbal Communications

3.         Conclusions About Gender Comparisons in Communication

B.                  Gender-Biased Language

      1.            Masculine Generic

      2.            Whorfian Hypothesis

IV.               In Depth: Bilingualism

A.                  Terms

1.                  Bilingual

2.                  First Language and second language.

B.                  General Cognitive Comparisons

1.                 Advantages

2.                 Disadvantages

C.                 Awareness of Language - Metalinguistics

D.            Maintenance of the First Language Among Immigrants