Psychology 101 - Study Outline

Chapt. 6 - Matlin - Learning

Dr. David L. Carpenter

Rev. 9/99

 

Return to Syllabus for:   Psych 101-03    Psych 101-04

 

I. Classical Conditioning

  A. Terms

     1.Unconditioned Stimulus

     2.Unconditioned Response

     3.Conditioned Stimulus

     4.Conditioned Response

  B. Influential Research in Classical Conditioning

     1.Pavlov's Conditioned Salivation experiment

     2.Watson & Rayner's Conditioned fear Study

  C. Components of Classical Conditioning

     1.Acquisition

     2.Stimulus Generalization

     3.Stimulus Discrimination

     4.Extinction

     5.Spontaneous Recovery

     1.Delay between CS & UCS: CS does NOT have   
       to be immediately before the UCS

     2.Biological preparedness

       a)   All stimuli are not equal as CS's

       b)   Taste aversion

     3.The Cause of Classical Conditioning:
        Contiguity NOT sufficient

  E. Biological Aspects of Classical Conditioning

     1.Nictitating-membrane reflex

  F. Applications of Classical Conditioning

     1.Taste Aversion

     2.Conditioning in the immune system

       a)   Psychoneuroimmunology

       b)   Placebo effect

II. Operant Conditioning (Instrumental Conditioning)

  A. Influential Research in Operant Conditioning

     1.Thorndike's Puzzle Box - Law of Effect

     2.Skinner's Conditioning Research

  B. Components of Operant Conditioning

     1.Reinforcement and Punishment

       a)   Positive Reinforcement

       b)   Negative Reinforcement

       c)   Punishment

     2. The Punishment Dilemma

       a)   Does not increase the frequency of the desired
            behavior

       b)   May associate fear or anxiety with punisher or
            context.

       c)   The Attention may reinforce the undesired behavior

       d)   Models aggressive behavior

     3. Shaping

     4. Schedules of Reinforcement

       a)   Continuous reinforcement

       b)   Partial reinforcement

       c)   Fixed-ratio Schedule

       d)   Fixed-interval Schedule

       e)   Variable-ratio Schedule

       f)   Variable-interval schedule

     5.Secondary reinforcers

       a)   Primary Reinforcers

       b)   Secondary Reinforcers

     6.Discriminative Stimulus

     7.Extinction

  C. Recent Developments in Operant Conditioning

     1.The Role of the Discriminative Stimulus

     2.The Evolutionary Psychology Approach to Operant
       Conditioning

       a)  Indistinctive Drift

       b)  Biological Aspects of Operant Conditioning

  D. Applications of Operant Conditioning

     1.   Behavior Modification

     2.   Baseline measure

     3.   Token economy

III. Observational Learning (modeling, social learning)

  A. Influential Research in Observational Learning

     1.Bandura's Research

     2.Later Research

  B. Components of Observational Learning

     1.Vicarious Reinforcement

     2.Vicarious Punishment

     3.Intrinsic Reinforcement

     4.Intrinsic Punishment

     5.Schema

  C. In Depth: Media Violence and Observational Learning

     1.The Experimental Method - meta-analysis

     2.The Quasi-Experimental Method

     3.Correlational Research

     4.Conclusions about Media Violence

  D. Applications of Observational Learning

     1.Educational Psychology - Cognitive modeling

     2.Clinical Psychology - Phobic disorders