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Psychology 101 - Study Notes

Chapt. 7 - Matlin - Memory

Dr. David L. Carpenter

Rev. 9/99

 

I.   Terms

  A.  Stages of Memory

      1.    Encoding

      2.    Storage

      3.    Retrieval

  B.  Atkinson & Shiffrin Model

 

 

II.  Sensory Memory and Working Memory

  A.  Iconic Memory - Partial Report Technique,
         Sperling

  B.  Echoic Memory

III. Short Term Memory (STM) - (Working Memory)

  A.  Overview of Working Memory - 3 components

      1.    The Phonological Loop

      2.    Visuo-Spatial Working Memory

      3.    The Central Executive

IV.  Long-Term Memory (LTM)

  A.  Encoding in Long-Term Memory

      1.    Attention

      2.    Depth of Processing - Self-reference

      3.    Encoding specificity

         a)  Encoding Specificity Principle

  B.  Autobiographical Memory

      1.    Ecological Validity

      2.    Eyewitness testimony

      3.    Constructivist Approach

      4.    The Recovered Memory/False Memory
              Controversy

      5.    Flashbulb Memory

  C.  Schemas and Memory - Heuristics

  D.  The Retrieval Process

      1.    Explicit and Implicit Measures of
            Retrieval

         a)  Explicit Memory

         b)  Recall

         c)  Recognition

         d)  Implicit Memory

      2.    Tip-of-the-Tongue Experience

  E.  The Connectionist Approach to Long-term
        Memory

      1.    Parallel Distributed Processing
              Approach (PDP Approach)

      2.    Serial Search

      3.    Parallel Search

      4.    Default Assignment

      5.    Graceful Degradation

  F.  Theories of forgetting

      1.    Decay

      2.    Interference

         a)  Proactive Interference

         b)  Retroactive Interference

      3.    Retrieval Failure

  G.  The Biological Basis of Long-Term Memory

      1.    Changes in the Neuron and Chemical
              Messengers - Long-Term
              Potentiation

      2.    Brain Structures Involved in Memory

         a)  Anterograde amnesia

         b)  Magnetic Resonance Imaging

V.   Memory Improvement - Mnemonics 

  A.  Practice

      1.  Total Time Hypothesis

      2.  Spacing Effect

  B.  Mental Imagery

      1.  Key-Word Method

  C.  Organization - Hierarchy

  D.  Metamemory