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10@222 Derivatives of
Classical Conditioning |
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1)Sensory Preconditioning |
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Control Group Experimental Group
Phase
1.
SPC Phase CS1(light) > CS2
(tone) CS1(light) >
CS2 (tone)
2.
Conditioning Phase CS2 (tone) > UCS (shock) CS2 (tone) > no UCS
3.
Testing Phase CS1 alone
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Hope for no CR to CS1 Hope for CR too CS1 |
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2). Higher Order Conditioning Control
Group
Experimental 1) Conditioning CS1(Light) >
No UCS CS1 (light) > UCS
(shock) 2) HOC CS2 (tone) > CS1 (light) CS2 (tone)>CS1 (light) 3) Test CS2
alone/pray for no CR CS2 alone/hope
for CR tone #no
fear tone>fear |
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Everyday examples |
Sensory
Preconditioning
CS’s
paired before US is introduced
Procedure
Phase
1 CS1 à CS2
Phase
2 CS1 à US
Test
CS2 (see CR)
Second-order conditioning
Procedure
CS1 à US
CS2 à CS1
test CS2
e.g. odor aversion in snails
e.g. fear in lab monkeys of
snake
http://www-psy.ucsd.edu/~mbell/psy103outline3.html
Applications
of Classical Conditioning
Watson & Rayner (1921): Little Albert
Systematic Desensitization
Fear Heirarchy
Progressive Relaxation (Deep Muscle
Relaxation)
Flooding, Implosion
Alcohol-Aversion Therapy (Voegtline &
Lemere (1950’s))
Rapid Smoking Technique
Pedophiles
Chemotherapy/radiation & food
pooping
enuresis
Reflex epilepsy
Phobia treatment
Morphine (Siegal)
Preparedness/belongingness (Garcia)
but compare Garcia’s results and
conclusions to Krane & Wagner
(1975) and Willner (1978)
Rescorla-Wagner
model of classical conditioning is a mathematical model of classical
conditioning,
a model of surprise: "…learning will occur only when the subject is
surprised…"
(p. 89)
six rules (Mazur, p. 89)
1.If the strength of the actual US is
greater than the strength of the subject’s
expectation, all CSs that were paired
with the US will receive excitatory
conditioning.
2.If the strength of the actual US is less
than the strength of the subject’s
expectation, all the CSs that were paired
with the US will receive some inhibitory
conditioning
3.If the strength of the actual US is equal
to the strength of the subject’s
expectation, there will be no
conditioning
4.The larger the discrepancy between the
strength of the expectation and the
strength of the US, the greater will be
the conditioning (either excitatory or
inhibitory) that occurs
5.More salient (more noticeable) CSs will
condition faster than less salient (less
noticeable) CSs.
6.If two or more CSs are presented
together, the subject’s expectation will be equal
to their total strength (with excitatory
and inhibitory stimuli tending to cancel each
other out).